In our daily life, GPS involves all aspects. The electronic products we use have GPS function, which brings convenience to our life. Travel taxi positioning is well reflected. Therefore, let's introduce some knowledge of GPS

1、 GPS overview

GPS is a terminal for positioning or navigation by receiving satellite signals. The antenna must be used to receive the signal. GPS satellite signals are divided into L1 and L2, with frequencies of 1575.42MHz and 1228mh respectively. Among them, 1 is an open civil signal. The signal is circularly polarized and the signal strength is about - 166dbm. It is a relatively weak signal. These characteristics determine that a special antenna should be prepared for the reception of GPS signals.

2、 Classification of GPS antenna

1. In terms of polarization mode, GPS antenna is divided into vertical polarization and circular polarization. With current technology, the effect of vertical polarization is not as good as circular polarization. Therefore, except for special cases, the GPS antenna will adopt circular polarization.

2. GPS antenna is divided into built-in antenna and external antenna in terms of playback mode, and the assembly position of antenna is also important. The early GPS handset mostly used the eversion antenna. At this time, the antenna is basically isolated from the interior of the whole machine. The EMI leveling will not affect it, and the satellite receiving effect is very good. Now, with the trend of miniaturization, GPS antenna mostly adopts internal abuse. At this time, the antenna must be above all metal parts, the shell must be plated and well grounded, and away from EMI interference sources, such as CPU, SDRAM, SD card, crystal oscillator, DC / DC.

The application of vehicle GPS will become more and more common. The car shell, especially the car explosion-proof film, will seriously hinder the GPS signal. An external antenna with magnet (which can be adsorbed to the roof) is very necessary for the on-board GPS.

Pe51212 (multi band embedded GPS active antenna, 170 MHz umcx connector)

3、 Structure of GPS antenna

At present, most GPS antennas are right-handed polarized ceramic media, and their components are: ceramic antenna, low-noise signal module, RF cable and RF connector.

Ceramic antenna is also called passive antenna, dielectric antenna and patch, which is the core technology of GPS antenna. The signal receiving ability of a GPS antenna mostly depends on the composition of its ceramic part.

Low noise signal block, also known as LNA low noise amplifier, is the part that amplifies and filters the signal. The selection of components is also very important, otherwise it will increase the reflection and consumption of GPS signal and cause excessive noise.

The selection of RF and microwave cables should also take reducing reflection as the standard to ensure the matching of impedance.

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